Ako ovplyvňuje inflácia ekonomiku

Inflácia vyvoláva sociálne napätie, pretože prerozdeľuje dôchodky medzi jednotlivé skupiny obyvateľstva. Postihuje hlavne sociálne slabšie skupiny obyvateľstva s fixnými dôchodkami. Rýchle tempo inflácie brzdí ekonomický rast a vedie k stagnácií výroby.

Rast cenovej hladiny znižuje kúpyschopnosť obyvateľstva a mení štruktúru spotreby smerom k pokrytiu základných životných potrieb. Inflácia má vplyv aj na vývoj platobnej bilancie. Inflácia môže mať paradoxne aj stimulačné účinky, ale len pri miernej a očakávanej inflácií, keď pôsobí na ekonomický rast pozitívne.

Vývoj nominálnej mzdy a vývoj inflácie:

Rok Nominálne mzdy Inflácia Reálne mzdy
SKK rast v % rast v % rast v %
2000 11 430 6,5 12,0 -4,9
2001 12 365 8,2 7,1 1,0
2002 13 511 9,3 3,3 5,8
2003 14 365 6,3 8,5 -2,0
2004 15 773 9,8 7,5 2,1
2005 16 956 7,5 3,3 4,1
2006 18 058 6,5 2,5 3,9
2007 19 105 5,8 2,0 3,7
2008 20 213 5,8 2,0 3,7
2009 21 426 6,0 2,4 3,5
2010 22 755 6,2 2,6 3,5
2011 24 234 6,5 3,0 3,4
2012 25 809 6,5 3,0 3,4
2013 27 435 6,3 3,0 3,2
2014 29 163 6,3 3,0 3,2
2015 31 000 6,3 3,0 3,2
2016 32 891 6,1 2,9 3,1
2017 34 832 5,9 2,8 3,0
2018 36 817 5,7 2,7 2,9
2019 38 916 5,7 2,7 2,9
2020 41 134 5,7 2,7 2,9
Priem. % 6,6 3,9 2,7
Služby SZ – ceny   1,2  

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