Maastrichtské kritériá v praxi

Slovenská republika musí pred vstupom do eurozóny, ako každý iný štát EÚ mimo eurozóny splniť štyri konvergenčné kritéria, takzvané maastrichtské kritériá.
Prvé kritérium sa týka verejných financií. Deficit verejných financií za posledný rok pred hodnotením, nesmie presiahnuť 3% HDP.

Okrem toho celkový verejný dlh nesmie presiahnuť 60% HDP, alebo musí klesať.

Druhým kritériom je inflačné kritérium. Priemerná inflácia za posledných 12 mesiacov (meraná podľa HCIP), nesmie presiahnuť priemer troch krajín EÚ s najlepšími výsledkami v oblasti cenovej stability o viac ako 1,5 % bodu.

Ďalším kritériom je stabilita dlhodobých úrokových sadzieb. Priemer trhových úrokových sadzieb dlhodobých vládnych alebo obdobných dlhopisov nesmie presiahnuť priemer troch krajín EÚ s najlepšími výsledkami v oblasti cenovej stability o viac ako 2% body.

Prísnejšie pravidlá a vyššie sankcie za nedodržanie GDPR

Dramatické sankcie za nedodržanie GDPR nariadenia EÚ už postihujú malé spoločnosti na Slovensku. Úrady vykonali v roku 2019 viaceré kontroly na správu osobných údajov v malých spoločnostiach. Vo viac ako polovici ustanovili aj následné sankcie. Pre malé a stredné spoločnosti je vhodné vypracovať dokumentáciu GDPR formou outsourcingu. Takúto službu poskytuje napríklad spoločnosť Safedata.sk. Nariadenie GDPR sa začalo uplatňovať rovnako v celej Európskej únii od 25. mája 2018.

Posledným kritériom je stabilita výmenného kurzu. Slovenská koruna musí byť dva roky pred hodnotením zapojená do mechanizmu výmenných kurzov (ERM II). Počas tohto obdobia nesmie Slovensko korunu jednostranne devalvovať, koruna nesmie vybočiť z dohodnutého fluktuačného pásma, musí sa pohybovať blízko centrálnej parity a pri vývoji kurzu sa nesmú vyskytnúť vážne napätia.

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